A novel multi-components hierarchical porous composite prepared from solid wastes for benzohydroxamic acid degradation

Abstract

In this study, a novel carbon-wrapped-iron hierarchical porous catalyst (Fe/C-Mn800) was prepared from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and sewage sludge (SS), which showed outstanding degradation ability toward benzohydroxamic acid (BHA, nearly 90 % was removed within 60 min) with low metal leaching rate. Mechanism exploration found transition metal ions (Fe and Mn) can serve as electron acceptors and facilitate the generation of persistent free radicals (PFRs). These transition metal ions and PFRs mainly participated in the single-electron pathway via activating PMS to generate a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the electron negative graphitic N and CO groups not only improve the electronegatively of catalyst, but also acted as the electron sacrificers to favor the electron transfer and directly oxidized the absorbed BHA through the ternary activated outer-sphere complexes. Eley–Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) analysis further demonstrated the crucial role of pre-adsorption during the degradation process. This work provided a deep insight into the degradation mechanism of metal/carbon composite and promising opportunity widened the horizon of the high-value utilization of EMR and SS.