A Novel Moderately Thermophilic Facultative Methylotroph within the Class Alphaproteobacteria.

Tajul Islam,Lise Øvreås,J. Colin Murrell,Marcela Hernández,Amare Gessesse

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030477

Abstract

Methylotrophic bacteria (non-methanotrophic methanol oxidizers) consuming reduced carbon compounds containing no carbon–carbon bonds as their sole carbon and energy source have been found in a great variety of environments. Here, we report a unique moderately thermophilic methanol-oxidising bacterium (strain LS7-MT) that grows optimally at 55 °C (with a growth range spanning 30 to 60 °C). The pure isolate was recovered from a methane-utilizing mixed culture enrichment from an alkaline thermal spring in the Ethiopia Rift Valley, and utilized methanol, methylamine, glucose and a variety of multi-carbon compounds. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain LS7-MT represented a new facultatively methylotrophic bacterium within the order Hyphomicrobiales of the class Alphaproteobacteria. This new strain showed 94 to 96% 16S rRNA gene identity to the two methylotroph genera, Methyloceanibacter and Methyloligella. Analysis of the draft genome of strain LS7-MT revealed genes for methanol dehydrogenase, essential for methanol oxidation. Functional and comparative genomics of this new isolate revealed genomic and physiological divergence from extant methylotrophs. Strain LS7-MT contained a complete mxaF gene cluster and xoxF1 encoding the lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (XoxF). This is the first report of methanol oxidation at 55 °C by a moderately thermophilic bacterium within the class Alphaproteobacteria. These findings expand our knowledge of methylotrophy by the phylum Proteobacteria in thermal ecosystems and their contribution to global carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Highlights

Introduction iationsIn geothermal habitats, methane and other natural gases enter the Earth’s atmosphere through gas venting, seeps, and degassing of spring water
We present the isolation, characterization, physiology and genomic features of a moderately thermophilic and facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, which was recovered from a co-culture with a gammaproteobacterial methanotroph recovered from an alkaline thermal spring sample in the Ethiopian Rift Valley
The novel moderately thermophilic bacterium, strain LS7-MT, was recovered from a methane-utilizing mixed-culture originating from a thermal spring sediment in the Ethiopia

Summary

Introduction

Methane and other natural gases (such as short-chain alkanes) enter the Earth’s atmosphere through gas venting, seeps, and degassing of spring water. In the Ethiopian Rift Valley region, hot spring sediments from thermal springs may promote microbial community structure and diversity. Thermal environments are suitable habitats for moderately thermophilic methylotrophs, and they may play an important role in the global methane cycle [1,2]. Biological oxidation of methanol to CO2 by methylotrophs in terrestrial environments reduces methanol emissions to the atmosphere and has an important effect on methanol concentrations in the atmosphere [3]. Aerobic methane- and methanol-oxidising bacteria are a unique set of Gram-negative bacteria that use reduced carbon compounds containing no carbon–carbon bonds (methane, methanol, methylated amines, etc.) as their sole carbon and energy source and make a considerable contribution.

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Conclusion