Abstract

In this study all energy in the universe, here called energy quanta, originate from a singularity at the centre of the universe. These energy quanta have different frequencies and at each frequency the energy quanta can have positive or negative spin direction. There is a force of attraction between energy quanta which have exactly the same frequency but opposite spins. This is the dominating force in the universe and accounts for the strong nuclear force, the Coulomb force and the gravitational force. The universe contains one more basic entity; the oscillator quantum which absorbs and re-emits energy quanta at one specific frequency. The oscillator quantum can have positive or negative spin. Thus, there is a force of attraction between oscillator quanta with opposite spins and which amalgamates oscillator quanta into larger structures, i.e. particles (e.g. electron). These particles also have spin at a specific spin frequency and they have positive or negative spin. Thus they absorb and re-emit energy quanta at a frequency specific to the particle and where they can have positive or negative spin. This amalgamates particles into larger structures, e.g. quarks, neutron, proton and atomic nucleus. Using this model enables simple and stringent descriptions of elementary particle physics, electromagnetic theory, gravity, photon and inertial mass. The present model may be a step towards unification of elementary particle physics, general relativity, quantum physics and electromagnetic theory into one comprehensive theory.

Highlights

  • A novel theoretical model of the atom is proposed

  • All energy in the universe originates from a singularity, positioned at the centre of the universe. This energy is absorbed by the electron and the atomic nucleus and the absorbed and re-emitted energy result in phenomena observed in physics: stored energy, forces, current and fields

  • All properties of the atom are the result of external energy quanta which are absorbed and re-emitted by oscillator quanta and different configurations of oscillator quanta

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Summary

Introduction

A novel theoretical model of the atom is proposed. The model builds on a universe which is rather simple. Each cluster has its specific spin frequency; it can have positive or negative spin This creates force of attraction between electron and positron, between quarks and between neutrons and protons. In previous studies, [2] [3], it was assumed that energy quanta did not have spin and that there was force of attraction between energy quanta having slightly different frequencies [2] In this novel model the universe contains only two basic entities; the energy quantum and the oscillator quantum. The Standard model, quantum physics [12], general relativity [13], electromagnetic theory [4] [5] and string theory [14] describes a different universe where energy, forces and fields are inherent properties of the electron and the atom, detached from external influence.

General
Singularity
Oscillator Quantum
Electron and Positron
Gravity
Photon
Gravitational and Inertial Mass
Discussion and Conclusions
Full Text
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