A Novel Methodology to Sense CT Saturation Using Numerical Protection Relays

Abstract

The necessity for dependability and safety in power system is rising at an alarming rate as the power system designs are getting more & more complex. In order to ensure maximum reliability, the numerical protection relays must receive accurate measurements. One of the most important input measurements desired by the relay is current. Nevertheless, the current measurements expected from current transformers (CTs) can be inaccurate due to occurrence of a phenomenon called as CT saturation. CT saturation causes distortion in the secondary current, which is not linearly proportional to the primary current, leading to mal-operation of protection devices. Therefore it becomes extremely vital that the numerical protection relay, also known as intelligent electronic device (IED) senses the CT saturation condition and blocks its operation so as to avoid mal-operation of the IED which may lead to supply interruption, further resulting in production losses and undesirable switching of the sensitive equipments affecting system reliability and customer satisfaction. This paper includes a review of the background about CTs & proposes a novel methodology to exclusively sense the CT saturation using the numerical protection relays reliably and cost effectively.