Abstract
For urban electrical and thermal energy supply and consumption terminals, the multi-energy system is a way to realize the energy conversion and consumption efficiently, cleanly and economically. To further study the power flow character of multi-energy systems, additional factors such as electric-thermal coupling equipment, thermal flow rules should be taken into consideration. The traditional Newton-Raphson iteration method which has been commonly used for electrical power flow calculation must be expanded to electric-thermal mixed power flow. This paper realized a new expression of hot water temperature drop with the thermal supply pipe network. This expression modified the Sukhov cooling operator and intuitively revealed the impact factor of transmission loss in hot water pipes. As a result, mathematical descriptions of electricity, heat and hydraulic flow in a multi-energy system were established. With the modified Sukhov cooling operator, the mathematical model of the expanded Newton-Raphson fast iterative solution algorithm, together with its Jacobian matrix elements affected by the electro-thermal coupling relationship was derived. A regional electric-heat supply system was selected as an example to verify the effectiveness of the method. Results showed that the transmission loss in electrical grid is related with the power load while in thermal pipes it was mainly related with the ambient temperature.
Highlights
(2) The electric-thermal coupling equipment of the balance node has a great influence on the power flow calculation and solution of the electric-thermal hybrid system
(4) The electric grid loss is related to the transmission load, and the heat network loss is more directly related to the environmental temperature difference
Optimizing the difference between hot water temperature and ambient temperature is an effective way to achieve the economic operation of the heat network
Summary
The current vector, network admittance matrix and voltage vector of each node in the electrical power network model satisfy the following equation:. Among them, Ii is the current flow of node i, Uk is the voltage vector of node k, Yik is the admittance matrix, and N is the number of nodes in this grid. The equation between node power and current is as follows: FIGURE 2 | Comparison of modified and actual cooling factor. Among them, Pi and Qi are the active and reactive power of node i, respectively; Ii is the conjugate vector of the voltage vector for node i. Rewriting Eq 14 into the complex domain form and expanding it according to the real and imaginary parts respectively, the active and reactive power of the nodes in vector form can be obtained in Eq 15:
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