Abstract
In MS, inflammatory cells accumulate within the perivascular spaces of acute and chronic lesions. Reliance on perivascular spaces as biomarkers for MS remains uncertain because various studies have reported inconsistencies in perivascular space anatomy. Distinguishing between venular and arteriolar perivascular spaces is pathophysiologically relevant in MS. In this pilot study, we leverage susceptibility-weighted imaging at 7T to better identify perivascular spaces of venular distribution on corresponding high-resolution T2 images.
Highlights
The total perivascular space (PVS) number and percentage of venular PVSs were quantified for 3 persons with MS and 3 healthy controls (HC)
We present a semi-automated method of differentiating venular and nonvegroup, the number of venular and total PVSs was independent of nular PVSs
In HC, the venular PVS number was highly dependent on the total number of PVSs, while in persons with MS, these were independent (P, .001), implying that these differences are specific to this compartment and would not have been detected by analyzing total numbers or total volume of PVSs
Summary
Three persons with MS (1 woman/2 men; Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, 2.0, 3.0, and 0; 32, 33, and 35 years of age) and 3 age-matched HC (32, 33, and 35 years of age) were recruited through Mount Sinai Hospital. Uniform denoised images were used to create GM and WM volumetric segmentations of the brain using FreeSurfer, Version 6.0. Www.applied-statistics.de/lst.html).[13] The uniform denoised, T2TSE, and susceptibility-weighted images were coregistered using SPM12 (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12), and the FreeSurfer-derived masks were used to isolate WM of the cerebral hemispheres. WM PVSs were manually marked on coregistered T2-TSE images by 2 raters (I.C.G. and A.A.-A.) on OsiriX Imaging Software, Version 9.0.2 (http:// www.osirix-viewer.com). Vessel and PVS masks were overlaid to quantify the coincidence of PVSs and segmented veins relative to the total number of detected PVSs. Total numbers of PVSs and venular PVSs were averaged across raters for persons with MS and HC. A x 2 test of independence was performed to assess the relationship between the number of venular PVSs and total PVSs in HC and persons with MS
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