A novel method to enhance the catalytic activity of PtRu on the support using CeO2 by high-energy ion-beam irradiation

Abstract

As a novel method for the preparation of highly-active anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the effect of high-energy ion irradiation on the CeO2 embedded carbon nanofiber support (CECNF) of the PtRu/CECNF catalyst, that has been reported as a very active catalyst, on the methanol oxidation activity as well as the crystalline structure of the support materials were investigated. PtRu/CECNFs were prepared using the CECNFs that were irradiated by high-energy ion-beams under the different conditions, i.e., using 127 MeV Ar ions, 310 MeV Kr ions and 350 MeV Xe ions with different ion-fluences from 5 × 1011 ions cm−2 to 1 × 1013 ions cm−2. A change in the activity was observed at the low electrode potentials below 0.7 V vs RHE. An almost two times higher current density at 0.6 V vs RHE compared to that without irradiation was obtained by the Ar ion irradiation with the ion-fluence at around 5 × 1011 ions cm−2, while a higher ion-fluence reduced the activity. The reduction of the CeO2 crystalline size with the increase in the ion-fluence was observed by XRD measurements. The change in the catalytic activity roughly correlated with the increase in the lattice distance of CeO2 suggesting that the generated oxygen atom vacancies enhanced the activity.