A Novel Method of Axillary Venipuncture Using the Cephalic Vein as a Sole Anatomic Landmark

Abstract

The use of axillary venipuncture for pacemaker lead implantation has become a common technique. However, because of its relatively high complexity, it is still not the method of choice in most hospitals. As such, we propose an effective, simple, and safe technique for axillary venipuncture using only the cephalic vein as an anatomic landmark, with the possibility of selective cephalic contrast venography as a backup. A total of 108 patients were examined. After preparation of the cephalic vein, the puncture needle was inserted into the superficial pectoral muscle 1.5-2 cm medial to the cephalic vein and advanced in the direction parallel to the course of the cephalic vein. The needle was advanced up to 3-4 cm at an angle of 30° relative to the body surface, applying gentle suction during advancement. If after 3 attempts the axillary vein was not accessed, the same process was repeated 3-4 cm medial to the cephalic vein. If this was not effective, contrast venography of the axillary vein through the cephalic vein was performed. In 92.6% of all cases, the axillary vein was cannulated without fluoroscopic control, and in 7.4% of cases, fluoroscopic control and selective contrast venography were needed. A novel technique for axillary venipuncture using the cephalic vein as a single landmark is a simple, effective, and safe tool for pacemaker lead implantation. In some cases, selective cephalic contrast venography is an elegant and effective addition.