Abstract
Galega officinalis products have been used for the control of diabetes (type 2) across the world. Experimental and clinical evaluations of galegine substance produced by a medicinal plant (Galega officinalis) provided the pharmacological and chemical basis for metformin discovery which was confirmed for diabetes therapy. In this paper, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for galegine, using galegine as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a reaction initiator, and acetonitrile as a solvent. The assisted functional groups, morphology, topographic image of surface, and crystalline structure of synthesized MIP were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, and XRD diffraction pattern techniques, respectively. Also, the performance of the mentioned electrode was quantified and qualified by the differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV). The galegine amount was determined with the polarographic technique. In this research, the galegine extraction conditions were optimized and graphene nanoparticles were used to increase the adsorption. In addition, different parameters affecting extraction were investigated such as MIP adsorbent amount, pH of solution, effect of the surfactant, and ionic compound to achieve high recovery percent. The recovery percent, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and relative standard deviation (RSD %) were 4.101 μg·mL−1, 12.427 μg·mL−1, and 1.199% (n = 3), respectively. The results show that the prepared MIP can be used as an effective and inexpensive adsorbent for preconcentration and galegine extraction from a natural sample. It is noteworthy that this developed method was used successfully to determine galegine extracted from Galega officinalis L.
Highlights
Today, in many countries, the use of medicinal herbs has been of great interest for the treatment of diseases [1]
Ce is the concentration after loading, Co is the initial concentration of the solution in mg·l− 1, V is the volume of solution in liters, and m is the polymer mass; the penetration coefficient is calculated as follows: Table 1: Metrological parameters of the polarography device
XRD Study. e X-ray diffraction test was used to study the crystallography of the particles to estimate the size of the crystals and to analyze how they were involved in the GOMIP nanocomposite structure
Summary
In many countries, the use of medicinal herbs has been of great interest for the treatment of diseases [1]. Measurement and extraction of galegine in the natural sample are difficult due to factors such as a low concentration of this material in the sample and matrix effects To overcome this problem, numerous methods have been developed such as preconcentration and using more sensitive instruments. The solid-phase extraction was more valuable due to the simple issue, low consumption of organic solvent and factors in high concentration [17] In this method, a solid phase and a liquid phase are used to separate the chemical or natural compounds in the solution. E aim of this study was to provide a solid extraction phase based on molecular imprinting polymer for extraction of galegine from a herbal medicine, G. officinalis L., and the created cities which took stronger once the reaction of functional groups and high concentration crosslinkers happened due to the polymerization process. The polarography instrument was used for measuring galegine
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