Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers. Hazel has been described as a paclitaxel-producing species among angiosperms. Fast-growing callus is a prerequisite for the success of callus production and then paclitaxel production. Therefore, optimizing the medium culture for enhancing callus growth is a crucial step for paclitaxel production. In this research, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was optimized for improving callus growth of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). The M10 medium (MS medium with pH 6.0 and supplemented with 1000 mg l−1 spirulina powder, 1000 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate and 3 g l−1 gelrite) significantly improved hazel callus growth. This modified MS medium increased callus fresh weight (55.8%) as compared to the control. M10 medium increased fatty acids yield of callus (66.7%) as compared to the control. Liquid M10 medium maintained growth over a longer period of time and also increased slightly, the paclitaxel production as compared to the control. This novel medium is promising for facilitating the mass production of hazel callus as a source of valuable metabolites including paclitaxel, linoleic and oleic acids.
Highlights
Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers[1]
Medium volume increment resulted in the highest amount of relative growth rates (RGR) (0.069 d−1) and relative fresh weight growth (RFWG) (4.65) which was significantly higher than that in the control (0.054 d−1and 2.87, respectively)
The results indicated that spirulina powder in the medium significantly affected hazel callus growth
Summary
Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers[1]. Plant cell suspension culture is considered as the most promising approach to the production of paclitaxel[4] The availability of this drug is still restricted and its cost is very high, mainly due to the recalcitrant behavior of Taxus spp. under in vitro conditions[2]. In addition to the use of hazel cell cultures for paclitaxel production, hazel plantlets can be regenerated from callus tissues by differentiation induced by exogenous growth regulators. There are a few reports on the influence of medium composition on embryogenic induction[16] and the best method for inducing shoot organogenesis[17] in hazel, but no sufficient information is available regarding the influence of different nutrient concentrations in the culture medium on callus growth of C. avellana. A suitable callus was obtained from C. avellana in our laboratory and optimization of hazel callus mass production was tried. Effects of different concentrations of some inorganic ingredients of Murashige and Skoog (1962)[18] (MS) as well as the effects of spirulina powder (Arthrospira platensis), casein hydrolysate and some amino acids on hazel callus production were investigated
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