Abstract
In response to periodic environmental fluctuations generated by the rotation of the earth, nearly all organisms have evolved an intrinsic timekeeper, the circadian clock, which can maintain approximate 24-h rhythmic oscillations in biological processes, ultimately conferring fitness benefits. In the model plant Arabidopsis, the core mechanics of the circadian clock can be described as a complex regulatory network of three feedback loops composed of core oscillator genes. Transcriptional regulation of each oscillator gene is necessary to maintain the structure of the circadian clock. As a gene transcription regulatory mechanism, the epigenetic modification of chromatin affects the spatiotemporal expression of multiple genes. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic modification is associated with circadian clock function in animals and plants. In addition, the rhythms of epigenetic modification have a significant influence on the timing of molecular processes, including gene transcription. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on the roles of histone acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation in the regulation of clock gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Highlights
In response to periodic environmental fluctuations generated by the rotation of the earth, most organisms have evolved an intrinsic timekeeper, the circadian clock, which can maintain approximate 24-h rhythmic oscillations in biological processes, conferring fitness benefits
Epigenetic regulation of the circadian clock has recently been investigated via advanced molecular biology and genetic approaches
The periodic expression of core clock genes is regulated epigenetically at the chromatin level and modification of histones primarily leads to alterations in the transcriptional activity of clock genes
Summary
In response to periodic environmental fluctuations generated by the rotation of the earth, most organisms have evolved an intrinsic timekeeper, the circadian clock, which can maintain approximate 24-h rhythmic oscillations in biological processes, conferring fitness benefits. We summarize recent progress in research on the roles of histone acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation in the regulation of clock gene expression in Arabidopsis. The core loop is composed of three important genes, namely, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1).
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