A novel interactive biosensor system for real-time remote stress response monitoring and visualization by using bi-directional data link

Abstract

Modern aquaculture methods help fish get better potential in their growth and development. In the last decades, people have gained an interest in fish welfare aspects such as stress, which strongly affect fish performance. However, to grasp such a critical but complicated stress response is problematic easily affected by external factors. To this end, we developed a wireless biosensor system for fish stress monitoring. This system can monitor the glucose level (stress indicator) in fish eyeball scleral interstitial fluid using the proposed amperometry glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized on the Pt–Ir electrode surface. In the presence of glucose, a typical catalytic oxidation current could be observed at +650 mV. Besides, the system shows the different stress statuses of fish by using a multi-color LED like a traffic light. The LED color-switching points, however, had to be manually calibrated. Besides, the process itself may induce stress to the fish. In this study, a novel interactive biosensor system that introduces bi-directional communication technology has been introduced. Datalink functions such as remote calibration and individual identification were advocated and checked. Also, some system characteristic evaluation tests were conducted in vitro and in vivo using Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as test fish and got some satisfactory results. According to the results, we believe our proposed system could handle various stress monitoring intelligently with only some clicks on the software without unnecessarily handling the test fish.