Abstract
BackgroundCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be molded or injected to form a scaffold in situ, which intimately conforms to complex bone defects. Bioactive glass (BG) is known for its unique ability to bond to living bone and promote bone growth. However, it was not until recently that literature was available regarding CPC-BG applied as an injectable graft. In this paper, we reported a novel injectable CPC-BG composite with improved properties caused by the incorporation of BG into CPC.Materials and MethodsThe novel injectable bioactive cement was evaluated to determine its composition, microstructure, setting time, injectability, compressive strength and behavior in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular responses of osteoblasts and in vivo tissue responses after the implantation of CPC-BG in femoral condyle defects of rabbits were also investigated.ResultsCPC-BG possessed a retarded setting time and markedly better injectability and mechanical properties than CPC. Moreover, a new Ca-deficient apatite layer was deposited on the composite surface after immersing immersion in SBF for 7 days. CPC-BG samples showed significantly improved degradability and bioactivity compared to CPC in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the degrees of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation on CPC-BG were higher than those on CPC. Macroscopic evaluation, histological evaluation, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis showed that CPC-BG enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation in comparison with CPC.ConclusionsA novel CPC-BG composite has been synthesized with improved properties exhibiting promising prospects for bone regeneration.
Highlights
Calcium phosphate biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic, calcium phosphate ceramics and calcium phosphate cements (CPC), have been widely used as bone substitute materials in clinical applications due to their good biocompatibility and osteoconduction [1]
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-Bioactive glass (BG) samples showed significantly improved degradability and bioactivity compared to CPC in simulated body fluid (SBF)
A novel CPC-BG composite has been synthesized with improved properties exhibiting promising prospects for bone regeneration
Summary
Calcium phosphate biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic, calcium phosphate ceramics and calcium phosphate cements (CPC), have been widely used as bone substitute materials in clinical applications due to their good biocompatibility and osteoconduction [1]. CPC can be molded or injected to form a scaffold in situ that intimately conforms to the shape of complex bone defects [3]. In 1986, a typical CPC composed of a powdered mixture of tetracalcium phosphate (TECP) [Ca4 (PO4)2O] and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) (CaHPO4) was first reported by Brown and Chow [4] This CPC powder could be mixed with aqueous liquid to form a paste that would set in situ and form HA (Ca10 (PO4) (OH)2) as a final product, as the main constituent part of the mineral phase of bone [5]. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be molded or injected to form a scaffold in situ, which intimately conforms to complex bone defects.
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