Abstract
With the rapid access convenience of content brought by 5G technology, the integrity protection of content becomes more important. The reversible visible watermarking algorithm has attracted more attention due to its effective content protection. In this paper, a novel improved reversible visible image watermarking scheme based on gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) and the just noticeable difference (JND) model has been presented. The proposed region of interest (ROI) selection strategy is used to locate the main protected body of images for watermark embedding. Divide the watermark and ROI into nonoverlapping blocks in the same way and then embed the classified two types of watermark blocks into corresponding ROI blocks with the JND model. The optimal bit positions for watermark embedding can be selected adaptively with JND threshold and achieve the tradeoff between the watermark visibility and watermarked image quality. For lossless image recovery and watermark extraction, the recovery information is reversibly hidden into watermarked image. In the experiments, the same process of grayscale images is used to each channel separately for color images watermarking. Besides, there are six aspects in this paper to estimate the proposed scheme; with the comparison to other reversible visible watermarking schemes, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
Highlights
Nowadays, the rapid development of 5G technologies is benefiting all aspects of our lives; at the same time, the multimedia data in the networks are becoming larger and larger. e security of multimedia data deserves more attention
With the original cover image I, we propose a novel region of interest (ROI) selection strategy to locate the subject region for watermark embedding via Grad-CAM. en, embed the visible binary watermark W into ROI using the just noticeable difference (JND) model for balancing between the watermark visibility and the marked image quality, and we can obtain the recovery information D and watermarked image Iw
The cover images in this scheme are from ImageNet [13] which are RGB color type; to be simple to describe the algorithm, we operate the grayscale images of themselves first, and the same operation is used to each channel of RGB separately for color images. ere are six aspects to estimate the proposed scheme: the novel ROI selection performance, the watermark visibility analysis with tuning parameters α and β, the reversible watermarked images quality estimation by the metrics of PSNR and SSIM [23], watermark robustness, original image recovery and watermark extraction with the security discussion, and last, the performance on color images
Summary
The rapid development of 5G technologies is benefiting all aspects of our lives; at the same time, the multimedia data in the networks are becoming larger and larger. e security of multimedia data deserves more attention. To select the subject region of images, we proposed a novel ROI selection strategy based on Grad-CAM [11] for visible watermark embedding. We concentrate on the novel ROI selection strategy to locate the subject region for watermark embedding and apply the JND model to balance between the watermark visibility and the marked image quality. (1) A novel ROI selection strategy to locate the subject region of the image for watermark embedding is proposed (2) Watermark embedding positions can be adaptively selected for the balance between watermark visibility and the marked image quality (3) It can be lossless and perfect for image recovery and watermark extraction e rest of the paper is organized as follows.
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