Abstract
This paper proposes a novel hybrid secure method based on improved deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding encryption and spiral scrambling in chaotic OFDM-PON for enhancing the physical-layer security. In the improved DNA encoding encryption, the odd-even cross-bit DNA encoding, base scrambling and base-level substitution are determined by chaotic sequences. For each binary and base, the selected encoding rules and base scrambling methods are dynamically changing, which enhances the robustness against malicious attacks by attackers. In the spiral scrambling process, the QAM symbol matrix is divided into several blocks, and these blocks are scrambled. In the scrambling of the plural matrix, the position where the spiral starts and the orientation and direction of the traversal are also controlled by the chaotic sequences. By employing DNA encoding encryption and spiral scrambling, a key space of $\sim \!{10^{135}}$ can be achieved in the multi-fold encryption of the proposed scheme, which can improve the physical-layer security. The encrypted 16-QAM OFDM data are successfully transmitted over a 60-km SSMF in OFDM-PON. The simulation results demonstrate that it has better BER performance at the BER of ${10^{ - 3}}$ than other schemes. The proposed encryption method can effectively protect data from attacks by eavesdroppers or illegal users.
Highlights
Passive optical network (PON) is an advanced defense solution to figure out the high bandwidth requirements of next-generation multiuser access networks, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has strong anti-multipath interference capability and is widely used in wired and wireless systems
This paper proposes a novel hybrid secure method based on improved deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encoding encryption and spiral scrambling in chaotic OFDM-PON for enhancing the physical-layer security
The simulation results demonstrate that physical-layer-secure OFDM data can be transmitted over a 60-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF), and the proposed scheme can defend against illegal users and provide an effective security enhancement of OFDM-PON
Summary
Passive optical network (PON) is an advanced defense solution to figure out the high bandwidth requirements of next-generation multiuser access networks, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has strong anti-multipath interference capability and is widely used in wired and wireless systems. For improving the security of digital signal processing (DSP)-based OFDM-PON, physical-layer encryption has attracted substantial research interests [4]. Involving symbol and subcarrier scrambling, many encryption schemes are studied, such as Brownian motion for scrambling the QAM symbols [21], partial transmission sequence technique [22], block dividing with chaos and dynamic key [23], chaotic pseudo-random RF subcarriers [24], and hybrid chaotic confusion and diffusion [25]. A hybrid secure method based on improved DNA encoding encryption and spiral scrambling scheme in chaotic OFDM-PON system is proposed, which can enhance the physical-layer security. The choice of DNA encoding rules and base scrambling methods, the selection of starting element, and the determination of orientation and direction in spiral scrambling are all controlled by the chaotic system. The simulation results demonstrate that physical-layer-secure OFDM data can be transmitted over a 60-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF), and the proposed scheme can defend against illegal users and provide an effective security enhancement of OFDM-PON
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