A Novel Hybrid MAC Protocol for Basic Safety Message Broadcasting in Vehicular Networks

Abstract

Basic Safety Messaging plays a crucial role to provide road safety in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). To avoid potential accidents, vehicles periodically broadcast safety information to neighboring vehicles. However, due to transmission collisions, fading channels and other factors, vehicular networks usually suffer a low packet delivery ratio (PDR) and a large delay, which are intolerant of many safety applications. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol for basic safety message (BSM) dissemination based on the framework of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC). Its partially centralized and partially distributed characteristic not only can effectively suppress the collisions, but keep compatibility with IEEE 802.11p. In addition, the integration of Physical-Layer Network Coding (PNC) and Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) further strengthens the reliability and efficiency for BSM dissemination. Both the theoretical analysis and comprehensive simulations indicate that, compared with existing schemes, the proposed protocol can significantly improve the PDR by a range of 20% to 300%. Meanwhile, in terms of normalized throughput, it increases by varying percent between 20% and 160% in different scenarios.