Abstract
In response to the increasing occurrence of lamotrigine (LMG) in wastewater, low removal efficiency of conventional treatments, and the need for advanced and innovative approaches, our work aimed to develop and optimize a hybrid enzymatic-photo-oxidative treatment. The coupling of immobilized homemade peroxidase and UVC/H2O2 was first studied in batch mode. The hybrid reactions resulted in 100 % removal and a first-order specific reaction rate of 0.142 min−1 at 80 mg L−1 of H2O2. Subsequently, our research focused on treatment optimization in a flat-plate reactor operated in continuous flow. Response surface methodology revealed that maintaining a UVC dose of 3240 mJ cm−2 allows >90 % removal across a wide range of H2O2 concentrations. The experiment with LMG-spiked effluent confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed treatment for removing the antiepileptic from a real matrix. The proposed degradation pathway shows that the system can oxidize lamotrigine by sequential reactions with additional dechlorination steps not yet reported. Furthermore, only the hybrid reactions showed environmental safety, as confirmed by cytotoxicity studies. Notably, our study evaluated, for the first time, the coupling of enzymatic and photo-oxidative reactions in a single reactor operated in continuous-flow mode. The operational flexibility suggests its potential application for wastewater treatment facilities.
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