A novel honey badger algorithm based load frequency controller design of a two-area system with renewable energy sources

Abstract

When it comes to the process of ensuring the stability, quality, and reliability of a power system, one of the most crucial components is known as the load frequency controller (LFC). It does this by ensuring that there is a balance between the amount of power that is produced and the amount that is consumed. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary approach, referred to as the Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), PI/PID controllers should be configured in the best possible way in order to address the LFC problem in the electrical power system. The research takes into account a power system that is integrated between two areas and uses renewable energy sources, such as a wind system and a solar system. The utilization of renewable energy sources has the potential to yield favorable outcomes in frequency control through the provision of prompt and adaptable responses to fluctuations in system frequency, helping to maintain grid stability. The proposed HBA method is utilized to refine the controller parameter values, using a fitness function anchored on the integral of absolute error (IAE) and the integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE). The performance of the proposed HBA-based controller has evaluated under 5% step load perturbation (SLP) in area-1. The HBA-based controllers demonstrate greater performance in terms of settling time, overshoot, and fitness value when compared to other well-known optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). According to the obtained results, the IAE-based PID controller has the best performance. The HBA-based PID controller is evaluated according to the following performance criteria; the objective function value is 0.4201, the settling time values and overshoot values for the area-1, area-2 and tie-line are 15.6, 33.7 and 27.9 s and −6.6, −0.7 and −0.0071 Hz, respectively. According to the findings, the HBA is both a dependable and effective tool for finding solutions to LFC research problems in multi-source power systems.