A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in NECTIN4 gene in a Pakistani family with ectodermal dysplasia syndactyly syndrome 1

Abstract

BackgroundEctodermal dysplasia syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by defects in teeth, hair, and nails in association with a fusion of the digits. Genetically, the disease phenotypes are caused by homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in NECTIN4 gene. ObjectiveThe main objective of the study was to identify the pathogenic sequence variant(s) for family screening and identification of carriers. MethodsIn the present study, the authors have investigated a large consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating autosomal recessive EDSS1. All the coding exons of the NECTIN4 gene were directly sequenced using gene-specific primers. ResultsThe affected individuals presented the classical EDSS1 clinical features including sparse hair, hypoplastic nails with thick flat discolored nail plates, peg-shaped, conical, and widely spaced teeth with enamel hypoplasia, proximal cutaneous syndactyly of fingers and toes. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the NECTIN4 identified a novel nonsense variant [c.163C>T; p.(Arg55*)] in exon-2 of the gene. Computational analysis of protein structure revealed that the variant induced premature termination at Arg55 located in Ig-like V-loop region leading to loss of Ig-C2 type domains and transmembrane region, and most likely Nectin-4 function will be lost. Study limitationGene expression studies are absent that would have strengthened the findings of computational analysis. ConclusionThe present study expanded the phenotypic and mutation spectrum of the NECTIN4 gene. Further, the study would assist in carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis of the affected families.