Abstract
A compact tree shape planar quad element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna bearing a wide bandwidth for 5G communication operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum is proposed. The radiating element of the proposed design contains four different arcs to achieve the wide bandwidth response. Each radiating element is backed by a 1.57 mm thicker Rogers-5880 substrate material, having a loss tangent and relative dielectric constant of 0.0009 and 2.2, respectively. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system based on 10 dB criterion is from 23 GHz to 40 GHz with a port isolation of greater than 20 dB. The measured radiation patterns are presented at 28 GHz, 33 GHz and 38 GHz with a maximum total gain of 10.58, 8.87 and 11.45 dB, respectively. The high gain of the proposed antenna further helps to overcome the atmospheric attenuations faced by the higher frequencies. In addition, the measured total efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna is observed above 70% for the millimeter wave frequencies. Furthermore, the MIMO key performance metrics such as Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are analyzed and found to conform to the required standard of MEG < 3 dB and ECC < 0.5. A prototype of the proposed quad element MIMO antenna system is fabricated and measured. The experimental results validate the simulation design process conducted with Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software.
Highlights
In recent years, Fifth Generation (5G) has acquired a lot of attention in the field of wireless communication
While measuring transmission and reflection coefficient for the fabricated quad element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna, the idle ports are terminated in 50 Ω load
It is noted that the impedance bandwidth based on −10 dB criterion of the proposed MIMO antenna is 23 to 40 GHz
Summary
Fifth Generation (5G) has acquired a lot of attention in the field of wireless communication. In [25], a high gain MIMO antenna for 5G applications is presented, which covers the frequency band ranging from 26–29.5 GHz. The peak gain achieved is 14 dB. In [28], the four element MIMO antenna system covering the 5G frequency band 27.5 to 40 GHz with an overall size of 158 × 77.8 mm is proposed. It is observed from the above literature review that the MIMO configuration presented is either large or complex in structure.
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