A novel heterogeneous system for sulfate radical generation through sulfite activation on a CoFe2O4 nanocatalyst surface

Abstract

Heterogeneous catalytic activation is important for potential application of new sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation process using sulfite as source of sulfate radical. We report herein a heterogeneous system for sulfite activation by CoFe2O4 nanocatalyst for metoprolol removal. Factors that influence metoprolol removal were investigated, including pH and initial concentrations of components. The CoFe2O4 nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the catalytic stability was tested by consecutive runs. Radicals generated in the CoFe2O4S(IV)O2 system were identified through radical quenching experiments and by electron spin resonance (ESR). The catalytic mechanism was elucidated further by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic process was dependent on initial pH, and more than 80% of the metoprolol can be removed at pH 10.0 following the Langmubir-Hinshelwood equation. The generation of Co-OH complexes on the CoFe2O4 surface was crucial for sulfite activation. SO4− was verified to be the main oxidative species responsible for metoprolol degradation. Other organic pollutants, such as sulfanilamide, sulfasalazine, 2-nitroaniline, sulfapyridine, aniline, azo dye X-3B and 4-chloroaniline, could also be removed in this CoFe2O4S(IV)O2 system. The results suggest that the CoFe2O4S(IV)O2 system has good application prospects in alkaline organic wastewater treatment.