Abstract
This report shows the antioxidant effects of a hemp seed meal protein hydrolysate (HMH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Defatted hemp seed meal was hydrolyzed consecutively with pepsin and pancreatin to yield HMH, which was incorporated into rat feed as a source of antioxidant peptides. Young (8-week old) SHRs were divided into three groups (8 rats/group) and fed diets that contained 0.0%, 0.5% or 1.0% (w/w) HMH for eight weeks; half of the rats were sacrificed for blood collection. After a 4-week washout period, the remaining 20-week old SHRs were fed for an additional four weeks and sacrificed for blood collection. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total peroxides (TPx) levels were determined. Results showed that plasma TAC, CAT and SOD levels decreased in the older 20-week old SHRs when compared to the young SHRs. The presence of HMH in the diets led to significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma SOD and CAT levels in both young and adult SHR groups; these increases were accompanied by decreases in TPx levels. The results suggest that HMH contained antioxidant peptides that reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation in SHRs with enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels and total antioxidant capacity.
Highlights
Cannabis sativa L., commonly called industrial hemp seed, is historically an important source of food, fibre, dietary oil and medicine; the seed contains about 30% oil and 25% protein [1]
The in vivo evaluation of the antioxidant defense levels associated with dietary treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has shown that hemp seed protein and peptide products could be used to improve the oxidative stress status
The work confirms that the SHR has an established high oxidative stress condition in the adult stage and serves as an excellent animal disease model to evaluate the bioactive potential of antioxidant compounds
Summary
Cannabis sativa L., commonly called industrial hemp seed, is historically an important source of food, fibre, dietary oil and medicine; the seed contains about 30% oil and 25% protein [1]. The effect of limited or extensive enzymatic protein hydrolysis as a means of improving the functional properties of hemp seed proteins have been reported by different researchers [2,4]. Proteins from both plant and animal sources, including those of hemp seed, have been isolated and recognized as essential sources of bioactive peptides capable of exerting various in vitro and in vivo activities, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, opioid, antithrombotic, hypocholesterolemic, appetite-reducing, mineral-binding, immunomodulatory and cytomodulatory [5,6,7]. Extensive research works have been done on the in vitro antioxidant properties of hemp seed peptides with evidence of the ability to scavenge toxic free radicals, chelate metal ions and inhibit linoleic acid oxidation [8,9]
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