Abstract
We introduce a hemispherical retro-modulator in this work for use in passive free-space optical (FSO) communication links. It incorporates a high-refractive-index glass (S-LAH79) hemisphere for retroflection and a semi-insulating-InP (SI-InP) layer for modulation via electroabsorption. The electroabsorption is interpreted through a unified model of the Franz-Keldysh effect, on field-induced changes to absorption, and Einstein model, detailing band-edge characteristics of absorption. The model is fit to experimental data with good agreement and is used to optimize the SI-InP layer. The hemispherical retro-modulator is realized with a 600- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -thick SI-InP layer to give strong retroflection and modulation, at a depth of roughly 34%. Such operation can enable improved performance in passive FSO communication links.
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