Abstract
In this paper, a novel high dynamic range (HDR) image zero-watermarking algorithm against the tone mapping attack is proposed. In order to extract stable and invariant features for robust zero-watermarking, the shift-invariant shearlet transform (SIST) is used to transform the HDR image. Firstly, the HDR image is converted to CIELAB color space, and the L component is selected to perform SIST for obtaining the low-frequency subband containing the robust structure information of the image. Secondly, the low-frequency subband is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, which are transformed by using discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to obtain the maximum singular values for constructing a binary feature image. To increase the watermarking security, a hybrid chaotic mapping (HCM) is employed to get the scrambled watermark. Finally, an exclusive-or operation is performed between the binary feature image and the scrambled watermark to compute robust zero-watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good capability of resisting tone mapping and other image processing attacks.
Highlights
People have more extreme requirements for image quality and visual perception
A hybrid chaotic mapping (HCM) is used to generate the scrambled watermark for security, and an exclusive-or operation is performed between the binary feature image and the scrambled watermark to obtain zero-watermark. e experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively resist different tone mapping (TM) attacks and most of the common image attacks. e contributions of this paper are listed as follows: (1) A novel robust high dynamic range (HDR) image zero-watermarking algorithm based on shift-invariant shearlet transform (SIST) is proposed
E robustness of watermarking means the capability of withstanding various unintentional attacks, including TM attacks and common image processing attacks. e robustness is evaluated by the bit error rate (BER) [35] and normalized cross-correlation (NC) [9] between the original watermark and extracted watermark. ey are defined as equations (12) and (13), respectively: BER Ne, Nt where Ne represents the error bits number of a watermark and Nt represents the total bits number of a watermark
Summary
People have more extreme requirements for image quality and visual perception. Wang et al presented a zero-watermarking algorithm based on nonsubsampled pyramid decomposition (NSPD) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) but was not robust to combined image attacks [31]. For the copyright protection of the HDR image, we can apply the SIST to extract the stable and invariant structure features to construct robust zero-watermark. (1) A novel robust HDR image zero-watermarking algorithm based on SIST is proposed (2) In order to extract stable and invariant features from the HDR image, the SIST is applied to transform the HDR image (3) Experimental results show that the proposed HDR image zero-watermarking algorithm is more robust than some existing HDR image zero-watermarking algorithms e rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 briefly introduces the ST, SIST, and the HCM system.
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