Abstract
The performance of an innovative material based on expanded graphite, Grafysorber® G+ (Directa Plus), has been tested through laboratory, tank, and confinement tests for oil removal in case of an oil spill and water treatment. In addition to the ability to retain oil, the possibility of reusing this material after regeneration via squeezing was also evaluated. As a comparison, the same experimental tests were conducted using polypropylene flakes (PP), the material currently most used to deal with spill accidents. Oils with different chemical and physical properties were used, namely kerosene, diesel, and crude oil. From the laboratory tests, the capacity of Grafysorber® G+ to retain oil was found to be directly proportional to the viscosity of the latter, with adsorption values ranging from 76.8 g/g for diesel to 50.8 g/g for kerosene, confirming the potential of the innovative material compared to the PP. Cyclical use tests have confirmed certain reusability of the material, even if its adsorbent capacity decreases significantly after the first cycle and continues to decrease in subsequent cycles, but a less marked manner. Finally, some considerations based on the adsorption capacities were found to suggest that the adoption of the new material is also economically preferable, resulting in savings of 20 to 40% per kg of hydrocarbon treated.
Highlights
The term oil spill refers to any accidental or intentional release of liquid hydrocarbons into the environment
The performance of an innovative material based on expanded graphite, Grafysorber® G+ (Directa Plus), has been tested through laboratory, tank, and confinement tests for oil removal in case of an oil spill and water treatment
The capacity of Grafysorber® G+ to retain oil was found to be directly proportional to the viscosity of the latter, with adsorption values ranging from 76.8 g/g for diesel to 50.8 g/g for kerosene, confirming the potential of the innovative material compared to the polypropylene flakes (PP)
Summary
The term oil spill refers to any accidental or intentional release of liquid hydrocarbons into the environment. Considering all of the above, the development of natural-based oil absorbents which, while preserving their pros (for example biodegradability), have adsorption performance comparable to those of the best synthetic materials, would be of great interest, as extremely relevant for improving the sustainability of the intervention and in line with numerous other solutions belonging to “green remediation”, such as the replacement of toxic reagents with low impact ones [24] and the abatement of pollutants with photocatalytic processes [25,26] In this context, a promising option is represented by expanded graphite (EG). PP in flakes one of the materials currently used to stem spills in surface waters
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