A Novel GPS Meaconing Spoofing Detection Technique Based on Improved Ratio Combined with Carrier-to-Noise Moving Variance

Xuefen Zhu,Gangyi Tu,Zhengpeng Lu,Xiyuan Chen,Teng Hua,Fan Yang

doi:10.3390/electronics11050738

Abstract

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) becomes vulnerable in a challenging environment, among which spoofing is the most dangerous threat. Meaconing, as the most convenient way to conduct spoofing, is widely studied around the world, and also leads to lots of research into corresponding anti-spoofing techniques. This paper develops a semi-hardware meaconing platform and proposes a novel GPS meaconing spoofing detection method based on Improved Ratio combined with Carrier-to-noise Moving variance (C/N0 − MV). The effectiveness has been validated theoretically and experimentally. The proposed method is proven useful when the meaconing signal has 5 dB power gain over the authentic signal, presenting 98% detection rate whereas the classic Signal quality monitoring (SQM) method with the Ratio metric presents only 30%.

Highlights

More and more devices and services count on the PVT (Position, Velocity, Time) service, which is continuously provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in all-weather conditions [1]
Similar spoofing attacks have been proven effective on unmanned aircraft and electric power systems, which rely on the high timing from GNSS system [4,5]
As a solution to the problems mentioned above, we propose the use of Improved Ratio combined with Carrier-to-noise Moving variance (C/N0 − MV) to detect meaconing spoofing signals, which is theoretically verified and experimentally testified in this paper

Summary

Introduction

More and more devices and services count on the PVT (Position, Velocity, Time) service, which is continuously provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in all-weather conditions [1]. As a solution to the problems mentioned above, we propose the use of Improved Ratio combined with Carrier-to-noise Moving variance (C/N0 − MV) to detect meaconing spoofing signals, which is theoretically verified and experimentally testified in this paper. The combined spoofing detection method does not require external equipment such as antennas or making changes to existing satellite navigation systems. It just makes some improvements in the satellite receiver, and brings less computational load to the receiver. In the combined spoofing detection method, we are still a3bolfe1t5o observe the different detection index between the normal receiver and the deceived receiver after the satellite receiver tracks the deception signal stably. The intermediate frequency is set 4.5 MHz and the sampling rate is 19.1 MHz

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Derivation of the C/N0 − MV

Derivation of Improved

The Effectiveness of C/N0 − MV (b)

Findings

Analysis of Combined Method and SQM Detection with the Ratio Metric