A Novel Gold Calreticulin Nanocomposite Based on Chitosan for Wound Healing in a Diabetic Mice Model.

Sara Paola Hernández Martínez,Cristina Rodríguez Padilla,Diana Ginette Zárate Triviño,Juan José Martínez Sanmiguel,Teodoro Iván Rivera González,Juan José Bollain Y Goytia,Moisés Armides Franco Molina

doi:10.3390/nano9010075

Abstract

The development of new nanomaterials to promote wound healing is rising, because of their topical administration and easy functionalization with molecules that can improve and accelerate the process of healing. A nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with calreticulin was synthetized and evaluated. The ability of the nanocomposite to promote proliferation and migration was determined in vitro, and in vivo wound healing was evaluated using a mice model of diabetes established with streptozotocin (STZ). In vitro, the nanocomposite not affect the cell viability and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, the nanocomposite promotes the clonogenicity of keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and accelerates fibroblast migration. In vivo, mice treated with the nanocomposite presented significantly faster wound healing. The histological evaluation showed re-epithelization and the formation of granular tissue, as well as an increase of collagen deposition. Therefore, these results confirm the utility of AuNPs–calreticulin nanocomposites as potential treatment for wound healing of diabetic ulcers.

Highlights

IntroductionAccording to a market research report, profits are expected to increase from 18.35 billion U.S dollars in 2017 to 22.01 billion U.S dollars by 2022 [1]
The treatment of chronic and acute wounds represents a challenge for the world public health.According to a market research report, profits are expected to increase from 18.35 billion U.S dollars in 2017 to 22.01 billion U.S dollars by 2022 [1]
All the data wereand expressed as mean ±Nanoparticles standard deviation (SD)

Summary

Introduction

According to a market research report, profits are expected to increase from 18.35 billion U.S dollars in 2017 to 22.01 billion U.S dollars by 2022 [1]. The incidence of chronic wounds (venous, diabetic foot, or pressure ulcers) have reached epidemic proportions; 44 to 70% of patients affected with chronic ulcers remain unhealed, which justifies the finding of more efficient therapies [2]. It is estimated that more than 326 million patients worldwide have type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 15–25% of these will develop diabetic foot ulcers [4], which if not treated properly can lead to infection, gangrene, and extremity amputation [5,6].

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