Abstract
Purposes This research explores the game-based intelligent test (GBIT), predicts the possibilities of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and the risk of cognitive impairment, and then verifies GBIT as one of the reliable and valid cognitive assessment tools. Methods This study recruited 117 elderly subjects in Taiwan (average age is 79.92 ± 8.68, average height is 156.91 ± 8.01, average weight is 59.14 ± 9.67, and average MMSE score is 23.33 ± 6.16). A multiple regression model was used to analyze the GBIT parameters of the elderly's reaction, attention, coordination, and memory to predict their MMSE performance. The binary logistic regression was then utilized to predict their risk of cognitive impairment. The statistical significance level was set as α = 0.05. Results Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, the correct number of reactions, and the correct number of memory have a significantly positive predictive power on MMSE of the elderly (F = 37.60, R2 = 0.69, and p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis noted that the correct average number of reactions falls by one question, and the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 1.09 times (p < 0.05); the correct average number of memory drops by one question, the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 3.76 times (p < 0.05), and the overall model predictive power is 88.20% (sensitivity: 84.00%; specificity: 92.30%). Conclusions This study verifies that GBIT is reliable and can effectively predict the cognitive function and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Therefore, GBIT can be used as one of the feasible tools for evaluating older people's cognitive function.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted its Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia on May 29, 2017, calling on governments to actively propose specific national dementia policies and set up sufficient budgets to implement the challenges of a super-aged society in the future
According to The World Alzheimer Report 2013 from Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), dementia affected more than 35 million people worldwide in 2013 and 47 million people in 2015, and one person suffers from dementia every 3 seconds
People with dementia require unique care plans, which increase the pressure on family caregivers, but countries face significant financial impacts from the cost of health and social care that may endanger the development of the global society and economy
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted its Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia on May 29, 2017, calling on governments to actively propose specific national dementia policies and set up sufficient budgets to implement the challenges of a super-aged society in the future. According to The World Alzheimer Report 2013 from Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), dementia affected more than 35 million people worldwide in 2013 and 47 million people in 2015 (or roughly 5% of the world’s elderly population), and one person suffers from dementia every 3 seconds. In 2019, there were more than 50 million people with dementia worldwide, and this is predicted to increase to 150 million by 2050. People with dementia require unique care plans, which increase the pressure on family caregivers, but countries face significant financial impacts from the cost of health and social care that may endanger the development of the global society and economy. According to the survey results of epidemiology of dementia (Taiwan Alzheimer Disease Association, TADA) in 2020, it is estimated that 303,271 people have
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