Abstract
Creatinine (Cre) is a crucial biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and muscle diseases. Therefore, designing and developing highly sensitive, multi-signal assays for the detection of Cre is highly significant. Herein, by in situ encapsulating CdTe QDs and post-synthetically modifying pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (2-PC), a novel ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric dual-signal sensor CdTe@UiO-66-PC-Cu was constructed for the detection of Cre with low detection limits (LOD) 2.48 nM and 1.78 μM, respectively. Satisfactory recovery of 93.0–105.0% (RSD < 4.8%, n = 3) was also acquired for determination of Cre in actual samples. In addition, by integrating smartphone-based portable colorimetric sensing, a novel hydrogel-based colorimetric paper analytical device (c-PAD) platform was fabricated for the visual colorimetric assay of Cre in whole blood without any separation process. The dual-signal sensing system of ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetry can observably improve the sensitivity and accuracy of Cre detection. Meanwhile, this portable smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensing platform features low cost, operational simplicity, and broad adaptability, providing an ideal way to achieve point-of-care testing (POCT) of other small molecule biomarkers in human whole blood.
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