Abstract
A novel flame retardant with high P content and multi-reactive ammonium phosphorus acid groups Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) imino tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methane methylphosphonic acid (ABTMPA) was synthesized for treatment of cotton fabrics. The ABTMPA treated cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of the ABTMPA was analyzed by the nuclear magnetic resonance. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) was used to evaluate the flame retardancy and durability of the treated cotton fabrics. The LOI value of cotton fabric treated with 31% ABTMPA was 50.2%, and an LOI of 41.2% was retained after 50 laundering cycles. Micro-burning calorimetry showed that total heat of combustion of the treated cotton fabric was reduced, and the char residual was much higher than that of pure cotton. Thermogravimetric (TG) and TG-FTIR analyses indicated that the flame retardant ABTMPA changed the thermal decomposition pathway of cellulose, and the combustible gases generated at high temperature was much lower than that of pure cotton. Flame retardant treated cotton fabric had excellent flame retardancy and durability. In addition, whiteness and breaking strength are well maintained. Therefore the ABTMPA shows the potential of flame retardants in future commercial applications.
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