Abstract
The maintenance of scientific cabled seafloor observatories (CSOs) is not only extremely difficult but also of high cost for their subsea location. Therefore, the cable fault detection and location are essential and must be carried out accurately. For this purpose, a novel on-line fault location approach based on robust state estimation is proposed, considering state data gross errors in sensor measurements and the influence of temperature on system parameter variation. The circuit theory is used to build state estimation equations and identify the power system topology of faulty CSOs. This method can increase the accuracy of fault location, and reduce the lose form shutting down a faulty CSO in traditional fault location methods. It is verified by computer simulation and the laboratory prototype of a planned CSO in the East China Sea, and the fault location error is proved to be less than 1 km.
Highlights
Cabled seafloor observatories (CSOs) are large-scale underwater intelligent sensor networks, which provide scientists with all-weather, long-term, real-time, and in-situ observations of the complex processes operating within the ocean [1].A CSO consists of undersea stations, optical repeaters, branching units (BUs), backbone and spur electro-optical submarine cables, and shore stations
Anodes are set on the shore stations, and cathodes are set on the undersea stations
In order to reduce the influence of gross errors and leverage points, a robust state estimation method is applied to calculate the unknown quantities and to reduce the influence of large measurement errors in the process of state estimation, using a weight factor to control the weights of different residuals [16]
Summary
Cabled seafloor observatories (CSOs) are large-scale underwater intelligent sensor networks, which provide scientists with all-weather, long-term, real-time, and in-situ observations of the complex processes operating within the ocean [1]. A CSO consists of undersea stations, optical repeaters, branching units (BUs), backbone and spur electro-optical submarine cables, and shore stations. In CSOs, the power feeding equipment (PFE) in the shore stations provide up to high voltage direct current (HVDC) rated to 10 kV for the undersea power system. Anodes are set on the shore stations, and cathodes are set on the undersea stations. In this way, the seawater is used as the current returning path. Voltage and current sensors are installed on shore stations and both inputs and outputs of undersea stations. Seawater temperatures have significant influeEnxcisetoinngscuabbmleafrainueltclaobclaetiroensismtaenthceosd,swhhaivche bareeenimpprooprtoasnetdpfaorramloewterressoisfttahnecestfaatue letstoimf baaticoknbaonnde fcaaublltelsoacnatdiomn.ulti-terminal CSOs. In the process of fault location, the power supply of shore stations mustEbxeissthinugt dcoabwlne ffiaruslttalnodcatthioenn smtaerttheoddusnhdaevreabloeewnvporlotapgoes,esdo ftohratloawll urensdisetrasneacestfaatuioltnssocfabnancoktbsotanret cuapb[le5s–8a]n. A novel on-line cable fault location approach, based on robust state estimation, is proposed for high resistance faults of the backbone and spur cable of CSOs
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