Abstract
Distinct from normal hierarchical mesoporous ZnO structures exposed with (2−1−10) facets derived from polycrystal hydrozincite precursors exposed with (010) facets, single-crystal hydrozincite precursors with exposed (001) facets were prepared by a hydrothermal method assisted with sodium citrate and then topologically transformed into hierarchical mesoporous ZnO microspheres with exposed (0001) facets by calcination. To reveal the transformation process, a novel exposed facet dependent topological transformation mechanism was proposed as follows. Firstly, CO bonds and OH bonds in Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 were broken with H2O and CO2 gases releasing; secondly, the remaining Zn atoms and O atoms rearranged their positions, leading to a transformation from a unit cell of monoclinic hydrozincite into eight unit cells of wurtzite ZnO based on their relationship of crystal lattice parameter. As a result, the (010) and (001) facets of hydrozincite can be transferred into the (2−1−10) and (0001) facets of wurtzite ZnO, respectively. In this sense, the exposed facets of hydrozincite precursors determined the exposed facets of ZnO micro/nano structures. Therefore, the transformation mechanism can be also used to synthesize other metal oxide structures with special exposed facets.
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