Abstract
BackgroundsThe Enterovirus genus of the family of Picornaviridae consists of 9 species of Enteroviruses and 3 species of Rhinoviruses based on the latest virus taxonomy. Those viruses contribute significantly to respiratory and digestive disorders in human and animals. Out of 9 Enterovirus species, Enterovirus E-G are closely related to diseases affecting on livestock industry. While enterovirus infection has been increasingly reported in cattle and swine, the enterovirus infections in small ruminants remain largely unknown.MethodsVirology, molecular and bioinformatics methods were employed to characterize a novel enterovirus CEV-JL14 from goats manifesting severe diarrhea with morbidity and mortality respectively up to 84% and 54% in China.ResultsCEV-JL14 was defined and proposed as a new Enterovirus species L within the genus of Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. CEV-JL14 had a complete genome sequence of 7461 nucleotides with an ORF encoding 2172 amino acids, and shared 77.1% of genomic sequence identity with TB4-OEV, an ovine enterovirus. Comparison of 5’-UTR and structural genes of CEV-JL14 with known Enterovirus species revealed highly genetic variations among CEV-JL14 with known Enterovirus species. VP1 nucleotide sequence identities of CEV-14 were 51.8%-53.5% with those of Enterovirus E and F, 30.9%-65.3% with Enterovirus G, and 43.8–51. 5% with Enterovirus A-D, respectively. CEV-JL14 was proposed as a novel species within the genus of Enterovirus according to the current ICTV demarcation criteria of enteroviruses.ConclusionsCEV-JL14 clustered phylogenetically to neither Enterovirus E and F, nor to Enterovirus G. It was defined and proposed as novel species L within the genus of Enterovirus. This is the first report of caprine enterovirus in China, the first complete genomic sequence of a caprine enterovirus revealed, and the unveiling of significant genetic variations between ovine enterovirus and caprine enterovirus, thus broadening the current understanding of enteroviruses.
Highlights
The genus Enterovirus within the family of Picornaviridae consists of 9 species (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J) of Enteroviruses (EV) and 3 species (A, B, C) of Rhinoviruses based on the latest virus taxonomy[1]
CEV-JL14 was proposed as a novel species within the genus of Enterovirus according to the current ICTV demarcation criteria of enteroviruses
Out of 9 Enterovirus species, Enterovirus E (EV-E), Enterovirus F (EV-F) and Enterovirus G (EV-G) are closely related to diseases affecting on the livestock industry, where EV-E and EV-F are the causative agents of enterovirus infections in cattle manifesting clinical signs varying from respiratory diseases to enteritic, reproductive disease and infertility [4, 5, 7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
The genus Enterovirus within the family of Picornaviridae consists of 9 species (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J) of Enteroviruses (EV) and 3 species (A, B, C) of Rhinoviruses based on the latest virus taxonomy[1]. Those viruses are the etiological agents contributing to neurological, respiratory and digestive disorders in human and animals[2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the TB4-OEV as a member of the species EV-G currently
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