A novel endoscopic finding of a scratch sign is useful for evaluating the Helicobacter pylori infection status.

Abstract

During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a red linear scrape-like appearance with white deposits sometimes appears on the gastric mucosa at the lower greater curvature of the gastric body, a finding we named the "scratch sign." We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of this new endoscopic finding in the endoscopic evaluation of the Helicobacter pylori infection status. Among patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our hospital between October 2016 and June 2017, 437 patients were included in the study. We first examined the overall scratch sign positivity rate, and then this was compared according to the H. pylori infection status. Subsequently, other variables were compared and examined between the positive and negative scratch sign groups. Overall, 437 patients were included in the analysis. The scratch sign was observed in 1.4% of 71 patients with current infections, 26.9% of 290 patients with past infections, and 31.6% of 76 uninfected patients. In the multivariate analysis, H. pylori-negative, severe gastric mucosal atrophy, and acid secretion depressant were independent factors that significantly affected the appearance of the scratch sign. A novel endoscopic finding, the scratch sign, was found to be a good endoscopic predictor of H. pylori-negative gastric mucosa. Furthermore, combined with atrophic changes and xanthomas that persisted after eradication, these findings were found to be useful in accurately diagnosing H. pylori past-infected gastric mucosa endoscopically.