A novel electrochemical sensor based on magneto LDH/Fe3O4 nanoparticles @ glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of tramadol in real samples

Abstract

The electrochemical behavior of tramadol (TRA) on magneto layer double hydroxide (LDH)/Fe3O4@glassy carbon electrode (LDH/Fe3O4@GCE) was evaluated. Some theoretical thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were also determined using chronoamperometric and voltammetric methods. The ability of the modified electrode to determine trace amounts of TRA was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as a sensitive electrochemical method. For characterizing and investigating the performance of LDH/Fe3O4@GCE, various methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and DPV were used. The effect of pH, scan rate, and time on the voltammetric response of TRA were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic peak current was linear for the concentration of TRA in the range 1.0–200.0 μmol L−1 with the detection limit of 3.0 × 10−1 μmol L−1. This method was also successfully used to detect the concentration of TRA in human serum and urine samples.