Abstract
Neuronal disorder is an important health challenge due to inadequate natural regeneration, which has been responded by tissue engineering, particularly with conductive materials. A bifunctional electroactive scaffold having agarose biodegradable and aniline pentamer (AP) conductive parts was designed that exhibits appropriate cell attachment/compatibility, as detected by PC12 cell seeding. The developed carboxyl-capped aniline-pentamer improved agarose cell adhesion potential, also the conductivity of scaffold was in the order 10−5 S/cm reported for cell membrane. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to plot the Nyquist graph and subsequent construction of the equivalent circuit model based on the neural model, exhibiting an appropriate cell signaling and an acceptable consistency between the components of the scaffold model with neural cell model. The ionic conductivity was also measured; exhibiting an enhanced ionic conductivity, but lower activation energy upon a temperature rise. Swelling behavior of the sample was measured and compared with pristine agarose; so that aniline oligomer due to its hydrophobic nature decreased water uptake. Dexamethasone release from the developed electroactive scaffold was assessed through voltage-responsive method. Proper voltage-dependent drug release could be rationally expected because of controllable action and elimination of chemically responsive materials. Altogether, these characteristics recommended the agarose/AP biopolymer for neural tissue engineering.
Highlights
There are a lot of different types of materials such as carbon nanotube (CNT)[19], graphene[20], graphene oxide[4] and conductive polymers[21], which have been utilized for electrical conductivity amplification
The results revealed that the aniline pentamer coupling to agarose decreased the swelling ratio
The novel electro active polymer based on agarose and aniline pentamer has been presented in this study which can be utilized in tissue engineering as a conductive scaffold for neural/cardiac tissues and neural electrodes
Summary
There are a lot of different types of materials such as carbon nanotube (CNT)[19], graphene[20], graphene oxide[4] and conductive polymers[21], which have been utilized for electrical conductivity amplification These types of materials have some drawbacks such as non-biodegradability[22], poor solubility[23] and chronic inflammation owing to their long lifetime in the body[24]. Oligoaniline is a kind of proper conductive materials that are used to produce electroactive biopolymer because of its affluence and easiness of synthesis. It can be employed in drug delivery[26], nerve probe[27], biosensor[28], neural[18] and cardiac[29] scaffolds. It is assumed that the agarose presence in system decrease the ionic conductivity because of large size of molecule which act as a barricade between conductive units
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