A novel Electric Vehicle Charging/Discharging Scheme with incentivization and complementary energy sources

Abstract

The rapid development in EV technologies in recent years has accelerated the adoption of EVs and the widespread use of EVs has augmented the interest in charging stations. In order to contribute to the works on this concern, a novel EV Charging-Discharging Station Scheme (EVCDS), is proposed in this work. EVCDS proposes a clustered charging station at the parking lots of commercial enterprises because of the advantages of this settlement from the views of the utility grid, EV drivers and the operators. Moreover, a kind of incentivization is applied in the cost calculation of charge/discharge operations for increasing the advantages of EVCDS for operators and EV drivers by including EV drivers to efficient use of energy. In EVCDS, EVs and loads of the commercial enterprise are energy consumers while Photovoltaic-Battery system, EVs (due to discharging) and the utility grid are energy sources. EVCDS manages these energy sources within the framework of a developed priority based energy management strategy for promoting well balanced and efficient use of energy. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of EVCDS, several scenarios are created and simulated. In these scenarios, charging stations are located at the parking lot of a shopping mall in Turkey. Simulation results show that EVCDS reduces the daily energy demand by 64.24% and the high power demand by 32.86% compared to the same charging station plant without EVCDS. In addition, applied incentivization in EVCDS provides 36.70% reduction in the total energy cost of the operator.