A novel diaxially silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer for the generation of high efficiency singlet oxygen in photochemical and sono-photochemical studies

Abstract

Cancer that is caused by unregulated proliferation and growth of cells in different organs and tissues throughout the body, is one of the most common, difficult to treat and deadly diseases of the century. While photodynamic therapy (PDT) method was primarily used in the treatment of cancer disease, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) method was then utilized as an alternative solution and finally sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) treatment was developed as the combination of these two therapeutic methods. Ultrasound waves have the ability to penetrate deep into tissues, allowing SDT and SPDT to reach and treat tumors located in deeper regions. The importance of these studies lies in their potential for non-invasive treatment, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, selective targeting, develop novel photosensitizers, deep tissue treatment, versatility in combination therapy, and their contribution to research and development in the field of therapeutic ultrasound and PDT. Today, the use of phthalocyanine complexes, known as sensitizers that can produce high amounts of reactive oxygen, is becoming increasingly important in these therapeutic methods. To achieve this objective, a novel silicon phthalocyanine derivative with bromo‑naphthoxy substitution was synthesized and subjected to characterization through various spectroscopic methods including elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis, MALDI-TOF MS, and 1HNMR. Photophysical, photochemical and sono-photochemical properties of the new complex were studied and analyzed. While the singlet oxygen efficiency in PDT method was found as ФΔ=0.78 in DMSO, ФΔ=0.69 in DMF, it was figured out in SPDT method as ФΔ=0.94 in DMSO and ФΔ=0.81 in DMF. This data shows that the new phthalocyanine compound is a good photosonosensitizer candidate that can be used in both PDT and SPDT methods.