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Abstract
In this research, a novel design and operation of solar-based charging system for battery vehicle for a 50 km run is proposed. The proposal is aimed at replacing 110 existing diesel vehicles with 39 electric buses. Several operation scenarios for the charging stations are proposed and analyzed. Scenarios include two different battery charging methodologies and one hybrid option between electric buses and diesel vehicles. An energy model of the adapted electric buses is developed first. After that, load demand and needs including number of daily trips, number of passengers per hour, and hourly energy consumption are determined based on the developed model and gathered information. Results show that a 5.7 MWp photovoltaic system is required to power this transportation line with a loss of load probability of 5% and a trip cost per passenger of 2.05 USD. The simple payback period of the system is found to be 10 years, which is 40% of the system’s lifetime. The amount of CO2 mitigated by the proposed system is estimated as 1,629,387 (kg/year). The social impact of the proposed project is found acceptable; whereas, most of the current employees will keep their jobs with higher salaries by about 145% and less working hours by 50%. Moreover, it is expected that the proposed project will significantly increase the reliability, convenience, and sustainability of the transportation process.
Highlights
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been the focus of considerable attention in recent years because of the large amount of carbon dioxide gases released from conventional vehicles [1]
One of the EVs is the battery vehicle (BV), which is recharged by a charging station that is either connected to the grid or powered by a standalone renewable energy source [3]
The last condition speaks to the case that the energy produced by the PV array is lower than the load demand; the battery can cover the reaming load demand
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been the focus of considerable attention in recent years because of the large amount of carbon dioxide gases released from conventional vehicles [1]. One of the EVs is the battery vehicle (BV), which is recharged by a charging station that is either connected to the grid or powered by a standalone renewable energy source [3]. This does fit with battery vehicle research as BV has a very dynamic load demand and the system should be always designed based on that All of these researches assume that the CS will be charging commercial and individual BVs. none of them have considered transportation lines such as BV buses or small vans. The main contribution of this research can be summarized by first the estimation methodology of the BV dynamic load demand, second the novel methodology for designing and simulating PV-based charging station for a transportation line considering BV dynamic demand, and the proposed operation methodologies and their performance comparison can be considered as contribution for this research. This research contains worthwhile information about road demand, road topology, and energy consumption model for a major rural arterial road in Palestine
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