Abstract
Our main objective is to reduce power consumption by responding to the instantaneous bit rate demand by the user for 4th Generation (4G) and 5th Generation (5G) Massive MIMO network configurations. Moreover, we present and address the problem of designing green LTE networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. We consider the new NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) wireless technology that will emerge in current and future access networks. In this context, we apply emerging evolutionary algorithms in the context of green network design. We investigate three different cases to show the performance of the new proposed algorithm, namely the 4G, 5G Massive MIMO, and the NB-IoT technologies. More specifically, we investigate the Teaching-Learning-Optimization (TLBO), the Jaya algorithm, the self-adaptive differential evolution jDE algorithm, and other hybrid algorithms. We introduce a new hybrid algorithm named Jaya-jDE that uses concepts from both Jaya and jDE algorithms in an effective way. The results show that 5G Massive MIMO networks require about 50% less power consumption than the 4G ones, and the NB-IoT in-band deployment requires about 10% less power than guard-band deployment. Moreover, Jaya-jDE emerges as the best algorithm based on the results.
Highlights
The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks is expected to offer extremely wide spectrum and multi-Gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates for mobile users
The novelty in our work lies in the fact that (i) we perform such a comparison regarding power consumption in 4th Generation (4G), and 5th Generation (5G)/Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and NB-Internet of Things (IoT) networks and (ii) we introduce a novel hybrid algorithm the Jaya-jDE algorithm
The results show that the Massive MIMO access networks will be denser than current 4G technology and will offer a greater capacity
Summary
The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks is expected to offer extremely wide spectrum and multi-Gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates for mobile users. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) [1], [2] is one of the primary technologies to be incorporated into the fifth generation (5G) framework of cellular systems. In Massive MIMO systems each base station (BS) is equipped with several active antenna elements that communicate with user equipment that have single or multi antenna over the same time and frequency band. Future wireless access networks will require green networking as essential part for they. It is expected that the power consumption will increase in the 5G access networks as these will need to expand and become denser. Massive MIMO BSs will have a lower power consumption than conventional 4G BSs [7]
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