Abstract
In this study, a double-loop control strategy is proposed for power grid frequency and voltage regulation using plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) connected to the grid through a three-level capacitor clamped inverter. The frequency and voltage regulation problem is first formulated using vector space analysis and phasor diagrams to find the boundaries and constraints in terms of the system parameters. The derived formulas are then utilized to design a double-loop controller using an exclusive phase detector control loop and a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme to effectively regulate the frequency and voltage of the grid. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are evaluated through simulation and experimental studies. This approach can benefit both the customers and the grid operator, as it facilitates utilizing the batteries of the connected PEVs to supply a portion or all of the active and reactive power demand, hence regulating the frequency and voltage of the grid. The extent to which active and reactive power can be supplied depends on the number of PEVs connected to the local grid.
Highlights
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) provide a promising solution to the worldwide concern about environmental pollution [1]
The possibility of utilizing PEVs to provide ancillary services to the distribution power grid in managing active and reactive power has been broadly investigated in both industry and academia [9,10,11,12]
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies were proposed as a reciprocal effective solution to both PEV owners and the grid operator
Summary
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) provide a promising solution to the worldwide concern about environmental pollution [1]. A novel double-loop controller is proposed for compensating the active and reactive power of the load, regulating the frequency and voltage profile of the grid. Without the loss of generality and to make the analysis and simulation/experimental studies less complex, it is assumed that there are enough PEVs connected to the grid to compensate for the load’s required active and/or reactive power. If this is not the case, the difference between the demand and the capacity of the connected PEV batteries shall be supplied by the grid.
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