A novel composite of ionic liquid-containing polymer and metal\u2013organic framework as an efficient catalyst for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation

Samahe Sadjadi,Fatemeh Koohestani,Majid M Heravi

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05134-w

Samahe Sadjadi, Fatemeh Koohestani + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05134-w

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Abstract

1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was then used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal–organic framework. The resultant composite was characterized with XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDS and elemental mapping analyses and its catalytic activity was appraised for ultrasonic-assisted Knoevenagel condensation. The results confirmed that the prepared composite could promote the reaction efficiently to furnish the corresponding products in high yields in very short reaction times. Moreover, the composite exhibited high recyclability up to six runs. It was also established that the activity of the composite was higher compared to pristine metal–organic framework or polymer.

Highlights

1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal–organic framework
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the as-prepared composite, MOF-PIL-AM, MOF-Fe and PIL-AM were recorded with PERKIN‐ELMER‐Spectrum 65 by using KBr pellet
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the catalyst was conducted under N2 atmosphere by METTLER TOLEDO instrument in the range of 25–800 °C with heating rate of 10 °C min−1

Summary

Introduction

1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide to furnish an ionic liquid-containing polymer, which was used for the formation of a composite with iron-based metal–organic framework. Since the emergence of ionic liquids, ILs, and their uses in batteries, their applications in various research fields, such as chemical synthesis, materials, ionogels, lubricants, sensors, capacitors and fuel cells have witnessed rapid growth[1,2,3,4,5]. Depending on the nature of the chemical reactions, ultrasonic irradiations with different power, 20 kHz-2 MHz, can be a pplied[36]. These irradiations can form micro-bubbles that possess high pressure and temperature via a known phenomenon, referred as cavitation effect. This effect results in more efficient mixing of the reagents[36]

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