Abstract
A novel balanced reflect-type vector modulator topology is presented. The use of only four 90° hybrid couplers allows a much-reduced area, competitive with active solutions, while keeping all benefits of the passive topology. A test circuit was developed using a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The K-band vector modulator occupies 353 × 435 μm and measurements showed a very well centered and uniformly distributed constellation. The maximum gain at 20.35 GHz equals −9.61 dB and return losses are above 10 dB. The use as a 16-QAM modulator is evaluated and in a 20% relative bandwidth, the circuit demonstrated amplitude and phase RMS errors of 0.7 dB and 4°, respectively. Between the 16 configurations, the worst input referred 1dB compression point (P in, 1dB ) obtained is 5.8 dBm with relative phase variations smaller than 3.73°.
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