A Novel Colorimetric Chemosensor Based on Ferene-S-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles for Selective Recognition of Fe2+

Azeem Ullah,Gul Rukh,Muhammad Ateeq,Dalia I Saleh,Ola A Abu Ali,Muhammad Rahim,Munira Taj Muhammad,Rozina Khattak,Muhammad Sufaid Khan,Perveen Fazil

doi:10.3390/coatings11111293

Abstract

Ferene is the most commonly used chromogenic agent for the determination of serum iron in blood. In this work we have successfully synthesized Ferene-S-conjugated silver nanoparticles (Ferene-S-AgNPs) for the first time characterized by UV-visible, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry techniques. Particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined by atomic-force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques with size ranges from 10–90 nm in diameter. Ferene-S-AgNPs were explored for their chemosensing potential with various metal ions such as Sb3+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Co2+, Ba2+, V5+, Cu+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Cr3+. Ferene-S-AgNPs were found to show selective quenching effects and slight bathochromic shifts to the surface plasmon resonance absorption band after treatment with Fe2+. Furthermore, the developed chemosensor also exhibited substantial selectivity towards Fe2+ in the presence of other competitive ions. We observed that Ferene-S-AgNPs mimic the selectivity of the parent compound of Ferene towards Fe2+. The system obeyed Beer’s law over concentration ranges of 110–190 nM. The detection limit was found to be 110 nM.

Highlights

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic nanoparticles [1] give rise to interesting colors when interacting with electromagnetic radiation that is different from those observed in bulk materials [2]
The size of Ferene-S-conjugated silver nanoparticles was determined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) model JSM5910 manufactured by JEOL, Tokyo, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic nanoparticles [1] give rise to interesting colors when interacting with electromagnetic radiation that is different from those observed in bulk materials [2]. We have successfully synthesized Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Ferene-S, and explored its chemosensing potential, which selectively senses iron (Fe2+) in the presence of other interfering metal ions [11,12,13,14]. Routinely used for the determination of iron in any biological or environmental samples, includes inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [18], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [19], and atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry [20]. These analytical techniques are expensive and time-consuming. This novel synthetic approach for Ferene-S-AgNPs uses a simple and robust method, showing higher selectivity for Fe2+ detection and mimicking the selectivity of the parent compound

Material and Instruments

Synthesis of Ferene-S-Conjugated AgNPs

UV-Visible Spectral Analysis of Ferene-S-Conjugated AgNPs

Comparative FTIR of Ferene-S and Ferene-S-Conjugated AgNPs

Ferene-S-Conjugated AgNPs as a Potential Chemosensing Probe