Abstract
Background:Maintaining cognitive function is integral to a healthy social life in the aged. Although neuropsychological tests and brain imaging methods can assess cognitive dysfunction, these techniques are subjective, psychologically burdensome, and cannot be conducted easily.Objective:We sought to develop an objective, low-burden novel cognitive function scale based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during daily task performance.Methods:A total of 63 participants (aged 60–80 years) identified as non-dementia controls (NDC) or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited and randomly assigned to training and test data sets. Explanatory variables were hemodynamic responses during low-burden sensory and simple tasks without higher-order brain functioning.Results:A logistic regression analysis of the fNIRS index in NDCs and MCI patients revealed area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and holdout results of 0.98, 94%, 88%, and 62% respectively. Correlation between fNIRS index and MCI odds showed positive linearity (R2 = 0.96).Conclusion:Positive correlation between the fNIRS index and MCI odds indicated effectiveness of this fNIRS measurement. Although additional experiments are necessary, the fNIRS index representing degree of cognitive decline can be an onsite monitoring tool to assess cognitive status.
Highlights
Cognitive function is integral to aging individuals maintaining a healthy social life
We obtained the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) index through regression analysis. This logistic regression model involved weighing the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) features of the two tasks as explanatory variables for each fNIRS measurement area of 14 channels
There was a significant difference in the fNIRS index between the non-dementia controls (NDC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups in the training data set (p < 0.001)
Summary
Cognitive function is integral to aging individuals maintaining a healthy social life. Various conventional neuropsychological tests and brain imaging methods assess cognitive dysfunction. In order to assess the cognitive function of elderly who dislike taking tests using ordinary neuropsychological scales, it is important to be psychologically non-invasive. Used evidence-based psychological tests include Hasegawa’s Modified Mental State Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination. These cognitive function tests impose psychological burdens on the subject, which may cause resistance to test especially among demented patients. Neuropsychological tests and brain imaging methods can assess cognitive dysfunction, these techniques are subjective, psychologically burdensome, and cannot be conducted . Objective: We sought to develop an objective, low-burden novel cognitive function scale based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during daily task performance. Additional experiments are necessary, the fNIRS index representing degree of cognitive decline can be an onsite monitoring tool to assess cognitive status
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