Abstract
Vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance (stressCMR) has shown robust diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with known or suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). However, it is unknown whether integration of stressCMR with clinical variables in a simple clinical-imaging score can straightforwardly predict all-cause mortality in this population. We included 6187 patients in a large registry that underwent stressCMR for known or suspected CCS. Several clinical and stressCMR variables were collected, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and ischemic burden (number of segments with stress-induced perfusion defects (PD)). During a median follow-up of 5.56 years, we registered 682 (11%) all-cause deaths. The only independent predictors of all-cause mortality in multivariable analysis were age, male sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), LVEF and ischemic burden. Based on the weight of the chi-square increase at each step of the multivariable analysis, we created a simple clinical-stressCMR (C-CMR-10) score that included these variables (age ≥ 65 years = 3 points, LVEF ≤ 50% = 3 points, DM = 2 points, male sex = 1 point, and ischemic burden > 5 segments = 1 point). This 0 to 10 points C-CMR-10 score showed good performance to predict all-cause annualized mortality rate ranging from 0.29%/year (score = 0) to >4.6%/year (score ≥ 7). The goodness of the model and of the C-CMR-10 score was separately confirmed in 2 internal cohorts (n > 3000 each). We conclude that a novel and simple clinical-stressCMR score, which includes clinical and stressCMR variables, can provide robust prediction of the risk of long-term all-cause mortality in a population of patients with known or suspected CCS.
Highlights
Vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance has arisen as one of the most potent imaging techniques for diagnosis and risk assessment in patients with known or suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) [1,2]
Its ability to detect inducible perfusion defects (PD) during stress first-pass perfusion can accurately predict the occurrence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) [3,4], and this associates with fewer referrals for coronary angiography and revascularization with no impact on patient outcome [5,6]
During a median follow-up of 5.56 years (267 weeks, range of 117–430 weeks), all-cause mortality occurred in 682 patients (11%)
Summary
Vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance (stressCMR) has arisen as one of the most potent imaging techniques for diagnosis and risk assessment in patients with known or suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) [1,2]. Its ability to detect inducible perfusion defects (PD) during stress first-pass perfusion can accurately predict the occurrence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) [3,4], and this associates with fewer referrals for coronary angiography and revascularization with no impact on patient outcome [5,6]. Using all-cause death as the only end-point, we have recently reported the potential of stress-CMR for stratifying risk and guiding decision-making in CCS patients [13,14].
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