A novel ceramic modified carbon based sensor for ultrasensitive electro-sensing of fast green FCF analysis: An advancement in toxic dye detection

Abstract

Fast Green FCF (FG) is categorised as a triarylmethane dye, which has been associated with a rise of sarcoma, respiratory complications, inhibition of neurotransmitter release, and skin irritation. The incorporation of Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) and Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles in the modification of a carbon paste electrode (YSZ/MoS2@CPE) facilitated the investigation of FG. The sample was characterised using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Material performance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The FG compound was subjected to experimentation under various phosphate buffer conditions, employing the techniques of Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The ideal pH for achieving the most favourable outcomes was determined to be 6.0, within 0.2 V–1.1 V potential. The utilisation of the diffusion electrode technique was employed to investigate the impact of various parameters on the electrochemical properties. The quantitative assessment of FG was conducted using SWV within the concentration between 0.1 and 10 µM, demonstrating a linear relationship. The values for the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were established at 0.7 × 10−9 M and 2.3 × 10−9 M, which were found to be lowest compared to the earlier reports. The application of this novel methodology yielded successful results in quantifying FG levels in both biological and water samples with a recovery of 97.29 %–98.48 %.