Abstract
The prevalence of light-induced eye fatigue is increasing globally. Efficient regimen for mitigating light-induced retinal damage is becoming a compelling need for modern society. We investigated the effects of a novel combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, chrysanthemum, goji berry, and black currant extracts against retinal damage. In the current work, both in vitro and in vivo light-induced retinal damage models were employed. Animal study showed that under strong light exposure (15000 lx for 2 hours), the a-wave and b-wave from electroretinogram were significantly decreased. Treatment with the combination significantly restored the decrease for b-wave under high- and low-stimulus intensity. Histological analysis reported a substantial decrease in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in the model group, while the supplementation with the combination significantly improved the ONL thickness. To further explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects, we utilized ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cell line and found that strong light stimulation (2900 lx for 30 minutes) significantly increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and decreased HIF expression. Intriguingly, chrysanthemum, black currant extracts, lutein ester, and zeaxanthin significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, while chrysanthemum, goji berry, black currant extracts, and lutein ester restored HIF expression. The botanical combination can alleviate light-induced retina damage, potentially through antioxidant and prosurvival mechanisms.
Highlights
Eye fatigue, defined as asthenopia, is a common condition in both adults and children and can result from a variety of causes, including uncorrected refractive errors, imbalance of extraocular muscles, accommodative impairment, and improper lighting [1]
Defined as asthenopia, is a common condition in both adults and children and can result from a variety of causes, including uncorrected refractive errors, imbalance of extraocular muscles, accommodative impairment, and improper lighting [1]. It is frequently associated with situations where the accommodative and vergence processes are more intense, exemplified by long-period looking at video display units (VDUs), e.g., computer, mobile phone, and iPad [1]
Blue light emitted from VDUs can damage retinal cells, which has been reported to be related to eye fatigue [2,3,4]
Summary
Defined as asthenopia, is a common condition in both adults and children and can result from a variety of causes, including uncorrected refractive errors, imbalance of extraocular muscles, accommodative impairment, and improper lighting [1] It is frequently associated with situations where the accommodative and vergence processes are more intense, exemplified by long-period looking at video display units (VDUs), e.g., computer, mobile phone, and iPad [1]. RPE cells are packed with mitochondria and engage actively in oxidative metabolism to support photoreceptor function; in addition, they are responsible for the elimination of metabolic end products from the photoreceptors [9, 10]. It has been widely recognized that preventing RPE damage is critical in maintaining ocular health [12, 14, 15]
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