Abstract
In this study, the titanium–gadolinium quantum dots (TGQDs) were novel, first of its type to be synthesized, and fully characterized to date. Multiple physical characterization includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electrochemical microscope (SCEM), x-ray fluorescence, spectrophotometry, and dynamic light scattering were carried out. The obtained results confirmed appropriate size and shape distributions in addition to processing optical features with high quantum yield. The synthesized TGQD was used as a fluorescent dye for bacterial detection and imaging by fluorescent microscopy and spectrophotometry, where TGQD stained only bacterial cells, but not human cells. The significant antibacterial activities of the TGQDs were found against a highly pathogenic bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and its antibiotic resistant strains (vancomycin and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) using growth curve analysis and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis. Live/dead cell imaging assay using phase-contrast microscope was performed for further confirmation of the antibacterial activity. Cell wall disruption and release of cell content was observed to be the prime mode of action with the reduction of cellular oxygen demand (OD).
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major challenge to medical sciences and the priority list by World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes it into critical, high, and medium [1]
The Gd–Schiff base was mixed with TiO2 in a 1:1 ratio and cooked at 80 ◦C to form titanium–gadolinium quantum dots (TGQDs), which when observed under microscopy showed a blue field due to its high fluorescence as observed under a UV filter (Figure 1b)
The results revealed that the size of the TGQDs were found to be in the range of 45 ± 2 nm to 95 ± 2 nm (Figure 2a) and the value of the zeta potential showed that the value was highest at 58.7 ± 0.13 mV (Figure 2c)
Summary
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major challenge to medical sciences and the priority list by World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes it into critical, high, and medium [1]. Some antibacterial agents can elicit adverse effects against the hepatic system, where the types of liver damage induced by antibacterial agents cover cytotoxic, injury, cholestatic injury, mixed cytotoxic and cholestatic injury, steatosis, chronic, active hepatitis, and cirrhosis [6] This further increases the complexity in the development of the resistance against these molecules, assisting it in being a global health problem [7,8]. The detection of bacteria in human tissue during infection development, or the host pathogen interaction study by using a fluorescent dye is quite challenging due to the generalized mode of action of commercialized organic dyes. Quantum dots (QDs) are a type of nanoparticles with the ability to fluoresce, which is helping in the development of new detection and imaging techniques [27,28,29]. The cytotoxicity test was performed and conclusions were drawn
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
