A Novel Bioactive Endodontic Sealer Containing Surface-Reaction-Type Prereacted Glass-Ionomer Filler Induces Osteoblast Differentiation.

Nobuyuki Kawashima,Masashi Kuramoto,Kentaro Hashimoto,Alamuddin Bakhit,Yasumiko Wakabayashi,Takashi Okiji

doi:10.3390/ma13204477

Nobuyuki Kawashima, Masashi Kuramoto + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204477

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Abstract

Surface-reaction-type prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers exhibit bioactive properties by the release of multiple ions. This study examined whether a novel endodontic sealer containing S-PRG fillers (PRG+) has the capacity to induce osteoblast differentiation. Kusa-A1 osteoblastic cells were cultured with extracts of PRG+, PRG− (an experimental sealer containing S-PRG-free silica fillers), AH Plus (an epoxy-resin-based sealer), and Canals N (a zinc-oxide noneugenol sealer). Cell viability and mineralized nodule formation were determined using WST-8 assay and Alizarin red staining, respectively. Osteoblastic-marker expression was analyzed with RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was determined with Western blotting. Extracts of freshly mixed PRG+, PRG−, and AH Plus significantly decreased cell growth, but extracts of the set samples were not significantly cytotoxic. Set PRG+ significantly upregulated mRNAs for alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein (IBSP) compared to set PRG−, and upregulation was blocked by NPS2143, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist. Set PRG+ significantly accelerated IBSP expression, mineralized nodule formation, and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 compared with set PRG−. In conclusion, PRG+ induced the differentiation and mineralization of Kusa-A1 cells via the calcium-sensing receptor-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK.

Highlights

Root-canal filling is performed to attain a fluidproof seal throughout the root-canal system that was thoroughly cleaned and shaped with the intention of preventing the reinfection of the root-canal space
We examine whether a novel endodontic sealer containing Surface-reaction-type prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers could induce osteoblast differentiation
Results of this study revealed that NPS-2143, a potent calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist, down-regulated the osteoblastic gene expression induced by the PRG+ extract in Kusa-A1 cells (Figure 2A)

Summary

Introduction

Root-canal filling is performed to attain a fluidproof seal throughout the root-canal system that was thoroughly cleaned and shaped with the intention of preventing the reinfection of the root-canal space. Endodontic sealers are used in conjunction with solid/semisolid core materials to obliterate irregularities between dentinal wall/tubules and core material, and are essential to enhance the three-dimensional sealing of complex root-canal systems [1,2]. Besides possessing this ability, an ideal sealer must offer several properties, including dimensional stability, proper handling, insolubility against tissue fluids, adhesion to canal walls, and biocompatibility. One approach to improving endodontic sealers is to endow them with the ability to promote periapical tissue healing accompanied by mineralized tissue formation In this regard, calcium-silicate-based sealers are promising because they exhibit good biocompatibility and osteogenic potential [3]

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Discussion

Conclusion